循着《寻梦环游记》的脚步一起走近“逝者的狂欢”——墨西哥亡灵节

循着《寻梦环游记》的脚步一起走近“逝者的狂欢”——墨西哥亡灵节

没错！就是最近正在各大院线火爆热映的——《寻梦环游记》(Coco)。

影片讲述了这样一个故事：

Coco tells the story of 12-year-old Miguel, who sets out to become an accomplished (有造诣的)musician like his idol, Ernesto de la Cruz. The trouble is, his family has banned music for generations. Miguel suddenly finds himself in the magical Land of the Dead, where he teams up (合作) with the trickster Hector in hopes of unlocking the secret behind his family history.

生于鞋匠之家的小主人公Miguel热爱音乐，一心梦想成为偶像歌神Ernesto de la Cruz那样的音乐家，但他的家族却世代禁止族人接触音乐。痴迷音乐的Miguel秘密追寻着自己的梦想，却在亡灵节那天误打误撞来到逝者的世界。在这个五彩斑斓又光怪陆离的神秘世界，Miguel遇见了落魄乐手Hector的灵魂，他们一起踏上了探寻Miguel家族不为人知往事的奇妙之旅，开启了一段震撼人心、令人难忘的旅程。

这部电影的灵感源自墨西哥的亡灵节(Day of the Dead)。墨西哥人认为，死亡是生命的回照，能显示出生命的最高意义，生与死互为补充完成一个生命周期。这种对生命与死亡的独特理解孕育出了墨西哥独具特色的逝者文化。墨西哥人相信，逝者的灵魂会在亡灵节期间(10月31日~11月2日)回到生前的家中看望亲人，所以在节日期间，墨西哥总是一派载歌载舞的景象，到处洋溢着欢乐的气氛，庆祝生者与逝者一年一度的团聚。

Day of the Dead is an interesting holiday celebrated in central and southern Mexico during the chilly days of November 1 & 2. Mexicans believe that the gates of heaven are opened at midnight on October 31, and the spirits of all deceased children are allowed to reunite with their families for 24 hours. On November 2, the spirits of the adults come down to enjoy the festivities that are prepared for them.

经过皮克斯的精心打造，这部动画片准确地还原了墨西哥亡灵节的很多细节。下面就一起循着《寻梦环游记》的脚步，探秘墨西哥亡灵节的庆祝方式和文化元素吧~

供奉台 (altar)

Miguel和祖母在家族供奉台前

The centerpiece of the celebration is an altar, or ofrenda, built in private homes and cemeteries. These aren’t altars for worshipping; rather, they’re meant to welcome spirits back to the realm of the living. As such, they’re loaded with offerings—water to quench thirst after the long journey, food, family photos, and a candle for each dead relative. If one of the spirits is a child, you might find small toys on the altar.

墨西哥人的每家每户都会设置一个供奉台，通常为三层，上面除了逝者的照片以及他们生前最爱的东西，还会摆放水、鲜花、蜡烛、食物、饮料等，用于迎接逝者的灵魂回到住所安息。

漂亮的墓地 (graveyard)

影片中的墓地

Tradition calls for lighting candles and bringing bouquets to the graves of family and friends. Visitors also leave possessions of the deceased at the graves. In some parts of Mexico, such as the towns of Mixquic, Pátzcuaro and Janitzio, people spend all night beside the graves of their relatives. In many places, people have picnics at the grave site, as well.

亡灵节期间，墨西哥的墓地非常漂亮，墓碑前摆放着蜡烛和色彩鲜艳的花朵，周围装饰着各色奇趣的骷髅饰品。在墨西哥的一些地区，人们会聚集在逝者的墓前举行守夜仪式。还有一些地方的人们会在墓园进行野餐。

亡灵之花——万寿菊 (marigold)

Miguel脚下是铺满万寿菊花瓣的道路

Marigolds are the main flowers used to decorate the altar. Scattered from altar to gravesite, marigold petals guide wandering souls back to their place of rest.

在墨西哥人的文化中，生命力顽强的万寿菊象征着生命与健康，所以墨西哥人相信，万寿菊花瓣的颜色和香味可以引领逝者的灵魂找到回家的方向。通常，墨西哥人会在供奉台和墓园之间铺就一条撒有万寿菊花瓣的路，以便为亡灵指引方向。

亡灵面包 (bread of the dead)

Another common tradition during the Day of the Dead period is the consumption of the so-calledpan de muerto, or bread of the dead. It is a typical sweet bread, often featuring anise (茴芹) seeds and decorated with bones and skulls made from dough. The bones might be arranged in a circle, as in the circle of life.

亡灵面包是亡灵节不可或缺的美食之一，有着丰富的形状和含义。传说这种甜面包源于古玛雅人以活人献祭神灵的传统，所以上面保留着骷髅头或手骨关节等造型元素。

亡灵神兽——爱波瑞吉 (alebrije)

影片中的亡灵神兽——一只长有牛角和翅膀的豹

The alebrijes are imaginary creatures that have elements from different animals such as dragon bodies, bat wings, wolf teeth and dog eyes. Colorfully painted, they were originally made with papier mache (制型纸板) but nowadays they are also wood carved.

亡灵神兽的原型是墨西哥一种颜色鲜艳的民间手工艺品，它们形态各异，有许多是人们幻想中的生物，被视为亡灵世界的引路人和守护者，是一种令人敬畏的存在。

糖骷髅 (sugar skull)

Pressed in molds and decorated with crystalline colors, sugar skulls come in all sizes and levels of complexity. They are sometimes eaten, but their main function is to adorn the altars and tombs with a sugary delight for the visiting spirits.

墨西哥文化尊崇骷髅，认为骷髅是生和死之间最近的连接。在庆祝亡灵节期间，墨西哥人会通过将糖灌入模型制作白色为主的糖骷髅，然后在上面绘以彩色的糖浆进行装饰，寓意死亡是生命的一部分，并不苦涩，而是甜蜜，我们都应以积极乐观的态度迎接死亡。

剪纸 (pierced paper)

Pierced paper (papel picado) is a kind of beautiful Mexican paper craft. Artisans stack colored tissue paper in dozens of layers, then perforate (在……上穿孔) the layers with hammer and chisel points. Papel picado isn’t used exclusively during Day of the Dead, but it plays an important role in the holiday. Draped (披挂) around altars and in the streets, the art represents the wind and the fragility of life.

墨西哥剪纸不仅用于亡灵节，在墨西哥很多重大的节日都会出现。既可用于装饰供奉台，也可以沿街悬挂以烘托节日的喜悦气氛，寓意风和生命的脆弱。

《寻梦环游记》这部以亡灵节为背景的动画电影揭示了墨西哥文化中死后世界的模样，同时用一个温暖的故事向观众强调了文化传统和家庭亲情对于个人的重要意义。最后，让我们一起聆听影片的经典旋律——Remember Me，并永远铭记生命中那些爱着我们和我们爱着的人。